Brief Review on the Causes, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Treatment of Gastritis Disease

Gastritis represent a state of inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the stomach lining which may occur suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic). Generally there is no universally accepted classification of gastritis and early classification was based mainly on the morphology, but recently pathogenic mechanisms have also been incorporated. The gastric mucosa is continuously exposed to many noxious factors, and Gastric protection aimed mainly to reduce or prevent the chemically induced acute hemorrhagic erosions which is exerted by compounds such as prostaglandins (PG) and SH derivatives without inhibiting acid secretion. Common causes of gastritis are excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. It may also develop after major surgery, traumatic injury, burns, or severe infections. Chronic causes are infection with bacteria, primarily Helicobacter pylori (HP), chronic bile reflux, stress additionally certain autoimmune disorders can cause gastritis as well. The most common symptom is abdominal upset or pain, indigestion, abdominal bloating, nausea, vomiting and pernicious anemia. The current study here is focusing on the causes, clinical profile, inflammatory, immune response and autoimmune atrophic gastritis in affected individuals. Additional focuses are on different diagnostic tools for Helicobacter pylori infection (HP) and current therapeutic treatment.